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| 长春市地铁车厢内空气品质实测调查与模拟研究
摘要
随着地铁的大量建设与运行，载客量的与日俱增，地铁车厢中的空气品质影响着乘客以及工作人员的健康，也日益受到人们的关注。而地铁车厢内的空气品质却不容乐观，一方面，由于地铁车厢长时间处于地下，新风供给受限，通风排污能力较差。另一方面，地铁车厢内乘客密度较大，不仅会从室外传入大量的PM2.5等污染物，人员的活动也会产生CO2等污染物。
本文按照良好空气品质的定义，在冬季和夏季对长春市地铁一号线和二号线进行了主观问卷调查和污染物实测，并根据调查结果进行了污染物优化扩散排出数值模拟，得到以下结论：
关键词：地铁车厢；空气品质；问卷调查；现场测试；扩散模拟
Abstract
With the large-scale construction and operation of thesubway, the passenger capacity is increasing day by day. The air quality in the subway carriage affects the health of passengers and staff, and is also increasingly concerned by people. On the one hand, because the subway car is underground for a long time,the fresh air supply is limited, and the ventilation and pollution discharge capacity is poor. On the other hand,due to the high passenger density in the subway car, not only a large amount of PM2.5 and other pollutants will be transmitted from outside,but also CO2 and other pollutants will be generated by personnel activities.
In this paper, according to the definition of good air quality,subjective questionnaire survey and pollutant measurement were carried out on Changchun Metro Line 1 and line 2 in winter and summer. According to the survey results,numerical simulation of pollutant optimal diffusion and emission was carried out
1.The overall ride experience of the subway car is good,but the passengers' satisfaction with the air quality of the subway car in winter is low. The subjective evaluation of air quality in summer is better than that in winter.Most passengers have no uncomfortable symptoms in subway cars,but the number of cases of feeling stuffy in winter and summer is relatively high. The number of uncomfortable symptoms in winter is more than that in summer.The odor in the subway car is not serious,but the human body odor is relatively more, which needs to increase fresh air or strengthen purification.
2.The measured results show that: (1) some of the data of CO2 concentration exceed the specified values of relevant standards,and the CO2 concentration in subway cars in winter is higher than that in summer. The concentration of CO2 is positively correlated with the number of passengers in the subway car.(2) In winter, the concentration of PM2.5 in subway cars exceeded the standard seriously, and in summer, the concentration of PM2.5 in subway cars was within the standard range.The PM2.5 concentration in the subway car has a significant correlation with the outdoor PM2.5 concentration.According to the statistical analysis, the PM2.5 in the subway car mainly comes from the outdoor.(3) In winter and summer, the concentration of CO in the subway car is within the standard limit of CO concentration specified in the hygienic standard for public transport (GB 9673-1996). The CO concentration in the subway car in summer is generally higher than that in winter, and the mean value of the former is nearly three times larger than that of the latter. (4) In winter and summer,the concentration of formaldehyde in subway cars is within the standard limit of formaldehyde concentration specified in China's indoor air quality standard (GB / t18883-2002). (5) A small amount of VOC concentration measured in the subway car is in line with the standard value in summer.
3.In the numerical simulation of pollutant diffusion and emission,it is found that the diffusion and emission efficiency of CO2 isthe highest when the air supply angle is 0 degrees (parallel to the side wall of the car and perpendicular to the roof). This conclusion is applicable to other gaseous pollutants, such as formaldehyde, Co, VOC, etc.However, it is also found that there are vortices in front of the face of the seated mannequin sitting on the bench, which hinder the elimination of CO2 in this area. By changing the CO2 return air outlet on the top of the car into a strip-shaped air outlet covering the middle of the whole car top,the vortex in front of the face of themannequin sitting on the bench can be effectively reduced, and the diffusion and emission efficiency of CO2 in the whole car can be effectively improved when the air supply angle is 0 degrees.
Key words: subway car; air quality; questionnaire survey; field test; diffusion simulation
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