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| 非晶合金高速永磁电机优化设计与流体场计算
摘 要
高速永磁电机具有功率大、转矩高的特点，且电机的体积小，散热条件不好，运行时会比普通电机产生更多的损耗和更大的温升，导致效率降低甚至更恶劣的故障。因此，应对电机进行优化设计，使其在运行中产生的损耗尽可能减小。同时细致分析电机损耗，并结合流体场分析电机的温度场，在高速永磁电机的分析与设计中具有重要意义。
首先，本文通过时步有限元的仿真计算，分别对四种充磁方式进行对比分析，通过对其基波磁密幅值和谐波畸变率的综合分析对比，选用了电磁性能更好的Halbach充磁。使用Halbach与组合磁极相结合的转子结构，基于田口法和正交试验对其磁钢厚度、低磁能积材料所占的角度、Halbach充磁夹角和低磁能积材料这四个参数进行了优化设计。同时设计了一台两极非晶电机和一台两极硅钢电机，均采用平行充磁的方式。
其次，以50kW，48000r/min的非晶合金高速永磁电机为例，对电机各部分的损耗的大小和分布情况进行分析计算，并将其作为电机运行时的热源，对非晶电机的温度场进行了计算，得到了电机各部分的温度。
最后，对高速永磁电机的冷却方式和冷却结构进行了对比分析，确定了周向螺旋型水冷结构。通过流固耦合分析，对考虑流体场的高速永磁电机进行了温度的计算，分析了冷却水流速及冷却水温度对电机温升的影响。
关键词：高速电机，非晶合金，优化设计，温度场，流体场
Abstract
High speed permanent magnet motor has the characteristics of high power, high torque,small size and poor heat dissipation conditions,which will produce more loss and greater temperature rise than ordinary motor, resulting in lower efficiency and even worse fault. Therefore, the motor should be optimized to reduce the loss in operation.At the same time, the detailed analysis of motor loss,combined with fluid field analysis of motor temperature field, is of great significance in the analysis and design of high-speed permanent magnet motor.
First of all, through the time stepping finite element simulation calculation, the four magnetization methods are compared and analyzed. Through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the fundamental magnetic density amplitude and harmonic distortion rate,Halbach magnetization with better electromagnetic performance is selected. Based on Taguchi method and orthogonal test,the rotor structure of Halbach combined withcombined magnetic pole was used to optimizethe four parameters, including the thickness of magnetic steel, the angle of low magneto energy product material, the angle of Halbach magnetization and low magneto energy product material. At the same time, a two pole amorphous motor and a two pole silicon steel motor are designed, both of which are magnetized in parallel.
Secondly, taking the 50KW, 48000r/min amorphous alloy high-speed permanent magnet motor as an example, the loss size and distribution of each part of the motor are analyzed and calculated, and it is used as the heat source when the motor is running. The temperature field of the amorphous alloy high-speed permanent magnet motoris calculated, and the temperature of each part of the motor is obtained.
Finally, the cooling mode and cooling structure of high-speed permanent magnet motor are compared and analyzed, and the circumferential spiral water-cooling structure is determined. Through fluid structure coupling analysis,the temperature of high-speed permanent magnet motor considering fluid field is calculated, and the influence of cooling water velocity and temperature on motor temperature rise is analyzed.
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