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| 浅析概率论的发展和在实际中的应用 摘 要 概率论是数学的一个分支，是研究随机现象定量规律的学科。从随机现象的经验到概率论的形成，花了超过千年的时间。随机现象具有一定的偶然性，不能事先准确预测。但经过长期的观察和实践，人们逐渐发现，当在相同条件下进行大量的观察或实验时，随机现象就会呈现出一定的规律性，这种规律被称之为随机现象的统计规律。数学家们在讨论骰子赌博的基础上发展起来的概率论思想，是人类认识史上一个辉煌的篇章，值得我们学习和体验。 概率论跟人们日常生活和生产实践相结合的非常紧密，在生活的各领域中应用范围相当广泛，包括自然科学，社会科学，工商管理，天气预报，生物学，计算机与通信等领域。社会不断向前发展，科学不断的进步，各个学科的理论也不断的完善，学科的联系也越来越紧密，概率知识也逐渐的应用各个学科中。在人们的生活中，概率的应用也广泛存在，如在赌博行业，工业的产品抽样调查，福利彩票，体育，天气预告，地震预告也涉及到数学科中的概率知识。由此可见，概率论是数学学科与社会生产实践联系最为紧密的学科之一。应用范围也非常广泛。 关键词：概率 数学思想 在生活中的应用 Abstract Probability theory is a branch of mathematics and a discipline that studies the quantitative laws of random phenomena. It took more than a thousand years from the experience of random phenomena to the formation of probability theory. Random phenomena have a certain contingency and cannot be accurately predicted in advance.But after long-term observation and practice,people have gradually discovered that when alarge number of observations or experiments are conducted under the same conditions, random phenomena will show a certain regularity, which is called the statistical law of random phenomena. The idea of probability theory developed by mathematicians on thebasis of discussing dice gambling is a brilliant chapter in the history of human knowledge, and it is worth learning and experiencing. Probability theory is very closely integrated with people's daily life and production practice.It has a wide range of applications in various fields of life, including natural sciences,social sciences, business administration, weather forecasting, biology, computers and communications. Society continues to move forward, science continues to advance,and the theories of various disciplines are constantly improved,disciplines are more closely linked, and knowledge of probability is gradually applied to various disciplines. In people's lives, the application of probability also exists widely,such as in the gambling industry, industrial product sampling surveys,welfare lotteries, sports, weather forecasts, earthquake forecasts also involve the knowledge of probability in mathematics. It can be seen that probability theory is one of the disciplines with the closest connection between mathematics and social production practice. The range of applications is also very wide. Key words:Probability,Mathematical thinking , Application in life 目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………I Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………II 1 前言…………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 研究的目的和意义……………………………………………………………………1 1.2 国内外研究文献综述…………………………………………………………………2 1.3 本文研究的主要内容…………………………………………………………………2 2 概率论的产生与发展……………………………………………………………4 2.1 概率论的早期雏形…………………………………………………………………4 2.2 概率论的发展……………………………………………………………………5 3 概率论在实际生活中的应用……………………………………………………9 3.1 概率论在生日问题中的应用……………………………………………………9 3.2 概率论在中奖问题中的应用……………………………………………………… 3.3 概率论在工厂生产中的应用……………………………………………………… 3.4 概率论在个人生活中的应用……………………………………………………… 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………12 致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………13 |
