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| 基于方法集的企业可持续发展组合评价研究
摘要
伴随着经济的全球化浪潮，企业所面对的一系列复杂而又多变的挑战。企业面临着比如成本增加、环境恶化、技术创新不足、高层次创新人才不足等一系列问题。企业的可持续发展评价是可持续发展中的一个分支，它可以为企业的管理者提供一定的决策支持。企业的可持续发展就是在确保企业自身经济能够稳步发展的前提下，同时保证生态环境不会因企业的发展而受到危害，另外企业还需要履行社会责任。由此，为评估企业可持续发展的能力，建立一个科学评价指标体系很重要。
首先，本文总结国内外学者的相关研究，并且在这些研究的基础之上，分析了我国汽车制造业可持续发展存在的问题，构建汽车制造业企业可持续发展评价指标体系是必要的。然后，本文结合现有的评价指标体系，总结了大量相关文献中的指标，提取了频次最高的33个指标，包括经济、社会、生态和创新四个层面的指标。然后，利用相关性分析法，删去了9个相关性较大的指标，得到最终24个企业可持续发展评价指标。然后，以17家整车制造业上市企业（非ST类）的企业数据为研究样本，运用DEMATEL方法和熵值法分别确定主观权重和客观权重，然后分别使用四种单一的评价模型进行评价。最后，利用证据理论合成单一评价法的结果，形成组合评价结果，对样本企业的经济、社会、生态和创新四个方面可持续发展的现状进行综合分析，并提出了相应的政策与建议。
关键词：企业可持续发展；汽车制造业；DEMATEL方法；熵值法；组合评价；证据理论
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ABSTRACT
With the tide of economic globalization,enterprises are facing a series of complex and changeable challenges. Enterprises are facing a series of problems, such as increasing costs,environmental degradation, lack of technological innovation, lack of high-level innovative talents and so on. The evaluation of enterprise sustainable development is a branch of sustainable development, which can provide decision support for enterprise managers. The sustainable development of enterprises is to ensure the steady development of their own economy, and ensure that the ecological environment will not be harmed by the development of enterprises. In addition, enterprises also need to fulfill their social responsibilities.Therefore, it is very important to establish a scientific evaluation index system to evaluate the sustainable development ability of enterprises.
First, this paper summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign scholars,and on the basis of these studies,analyzes the problems existing inthe sustainable development of automobile manufacturing industry in China, and it is necessary to construct the evaluation index system of sustainable development of automobile manufacturing enterprises. Then, this paper summarizes the index in a large number of relevant documents, and extracts 33 indexes with the highest frequency,including four levels of economic, social, ecological and innovation. Then, by using correlation analysis,9 indexes with high correlation are deleted, and 24 sustainable development evaluation indexes are obtained. Then, taking the data of 17 Listed Enterprises (non ST) as the research sample,the subjective weight and objective weight are determined by DEMATEL method andentropy method, and then four single evaluation models are used to evaluate. Finally, the paper uses evidence theory to synthesize the results of single evaluation method, forms the combination evaluation results,and analyzes the sustainable development status ofthe sample enterprises in four aspects, including economy, society, ecology and innovation, and puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions.
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