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| 现代中小型企业发展中员工关系管理的问题研究——以天津市山奇装饰工程有限公司为例
摘 要
随着世界经济的不断快速发展，当前的新经济背景下，传统的物质资本已经不是企业形成发展行业竞争优势的唯一因素，人力资本在企业竞争力的形成和经济增长的发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用 。员工关系管理是现代企业人力资源管理中的一项重要组成部分，科学的员工关系管理可以有效提升企业的市场竞争力，促进长远可持续发展。本文以天津市山奇装饰工程有限公司为案例，针对其组织内部当前员工关系管理现状及问题进行研究。首先从员工关系以及员工关系管理的含义出发，并梳理了相关理论，包括劳动力治理理论、公平理论、心理契约理论、马斯洛需求层次理论和企业文化等，同时对国内外的相关研究文献进行阅读和综述。在此基础上，文章主要从员工需求、心理契约、企业归属感等会对员工积极性和态度产生影响的感性心理因素入手对天津山奇公司当前在员工关系管理方面存在的问题及原因进行研究分析，并为企业提出有针对性的改进建议，以更好的发展员工关系管理，构建和谐的员工关系，提升员工积极性，增加满意度，进而对企业健康发展产生有利影响。
文章通过管理者访谈及企业员工问卷调查的方式对所需信息进行收集并进行归纳分析，得到关于企业员工的基本信息，包括性别比例、年龄构成以及学历情况。同时结果显示当前企业员工对企业环境、薪资待遇、领导管理和工作岗位的满意度均在一般偏低的程度，不利于调动员工的工作积极性，会对效率产生影响，进而影响企业的发展。公司的员工关系管理存在三方面的问题：1）员工激励、福利形式创新性不足，活动形式化；2）组织内部沟通管理不畅；3）企业文化的建设和传递流于形式。这些问题使得难以构建和谐的员工关系，员工也很难对企业产生认同感，不利于企业健康发展。
改善员工关系管理体系是为了有效提升员工满意度，使员工与企业间的关系更加和谐，让员工在企业中的参与感和归属感得到增强。因此本文在结合相关理论的基础上，提出了三条改进建议：1）强化企业文化管理；2）建立畅通有效的沟通方式及管理制度；3）完善员工奖励激励机制。这三条建议综合考虑了企业软实力和硬实力层面，能够有效改善员工工作氛围，提升员工满意度，进而增强工作积极性，对企业发展产生积极作用。
关键词：员工关系管理，心理契约，员工积极性，沟通管理
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the world economy,under the current new economic background,the traditional material capital is no longer the only factor for enterprises to form and develop industrial competitive advantages, and human capital is playing an increasingly important role in the formation of enterprise competitiveness and the development. Employee relationship management is an important part of human resource management in modern enterprises. Scientific employee relationship management can effectively enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises and promote long-term sustainable development.
This paper takes Tianjin ShanQi Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd.as case to study the current situation and problems ofemployee relationship management within its organization. Starting from the meaning of employee relations and employee relationship management,this paper reviews relevant theories, including labor governance theory,equity theory, psychological contract theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and corporate culture, etc. At the same time, it reviews relevant national and foreign research literatures.On this basis, the article analyzes the current situation and the existing problems of Tianjin ShanQi company mainly from the employee demand,psychological contract and the sense of belonging to the enterprise, which could affect enthusiasm and attitude of employees. After that, this paper puts forward targeted improvement suggestions for the enterprise in order to better the development of employee relationship management,the construction of a harmonious employee relations,enhance employees enthusiasm, increase satisfaction, which have beneficial effects on healthy development of the enterprise.
In this paper, the required information is collected and analyzed by means of interviews with managers and questionnaires among employees,and the basic information about employees is obtained, including gender ratio, age composition and educational background. Meanwhile, the results show that the employees' satisfaction with the enterprise environment, salary and treatment,leadership and management and work position is generally low, which is not conducive to motivating the employees, and will affect the efficiency, thus affecting the development of the enterprise. The paper presents three problems in employee relationship management.The first is the lack of innovation in the form of employeeincentive and welfare, and the formalization of activities. And the second is poor internal communication and management.The last is construction and transmission of corporate culture is a mere formality.These three problems make it difficult to build a harmonious employee relationship, and employees are difficult to identify with the enterprise,which is not conducive to the healthy development of the enterprise.
The purpose of improving the employee relationship management system is to effectively enhance employee satisfaction, make the relationship between employees and the enterprise more harmonious, and enhance the sense of participation and belonging of employees in the enterprise. Therefore, on the basis of combining relevant theories,this paper puts forward three suggestions for improvement. Initially is strengthening corporate culture management.Then, the second is establishing smooth and effective communication methods and management systems. Finally is improving the employee reward and incentive mechanism.These three suggestions comprehensively consider the soft power and hard power of the enterprise, which can effectively improve the working atmosphere ofemployees, enhance their satisfaction,and thus enhance their enthusiasm for work, and have a positive effect on the development of the enterprise.
Key Words: Employee relationship management,Psychological contract, Employee enthusiasm, Communication management
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